Aplicación del estándar IEC 61850 para comunicaciones en microrredes eléctricas

Este trabajo Fin de Máster (TFM) desarrolla un sistema de comunicaciones escalable para una microrred (MG) eléctrica bajo el estándar de comunicaciones IEC 61850. La MG donde se implementan las comunicaciones es una unidad de generación de recursos distribuidos (DER) basada en un sistema fotovoltaico, por lo que para su modelado este trabajo se basa en la sección del estándar IEC 61850-4-720. Para la implementación del sistema completo se hace uso de un PC, el cual actúa como Cliente/Publicador y una Raspberry Pi, la cual actúa como Servidor/Suscriptor, ambos sistemas se comunican vía Ethernet. El Cliente/Publicador es el encargado de realizar la gestión externa de la planta, representando el valor de las variables reales de la planta para informar del estado de las mismas al usuario. Por otro lado, el Cliente/Publicador también es el encargado de enviar los comandos necesarios para modificar el estado de la planta. Estas órdenes de apertura se envían a través de la mensajería GOOSE debido a los requisitos de tiempos que presenta la apertura y el cierre de los interruptores de la planta. Por otro lado, el Servidor/Suscriptor se encarga de la gestión del modelo de datos IEC 61850, de modo que obtiene el valor de las variables reales del sistema y actualiza el modelo de datos bajo el estándar IEC 61850. Asimismo, gestiona los comandos enviados vía GOOSE desde el Cliente/Suscriptor, realiza la configuración de la unidad DER, y supervisa el estado del canal de comunicaciones.This work develops a scalable communications system for an electrical microgrid (MG) under the IEC 61850 communications standard. The MG where the communications are implemented is a distributed resources generation unit (DER) based on a photovoltaic system, so for its modelling this work is based on the section of the IEC 61850-4-720 standard. For the implementation of the complete system, we use a PC, which acts as Client/Publisher and a Raspberry Pi, which acts as Server/Subscriber, both systems communicate via Ethernet. The Client/Publisher is in charge of the external management of the plant, so that it is responsible for representing the value of the real variables of the plant to report the status of the plant to the user. On the other hand, the Client/Publisher is also in charge of sending the necessary commands to open and close the plant switches to modify the plant status. These opening commands are sent through GOOSE messaging due to the timing requirements presented by the opening and closing of the plant switches. On the other hand, the Server/Subscriber is in charge of the management of the IEC 61850 data model, so that it obtains the value of the actual system variables and updates the data model under the IEC 61850 standard. On the other hand, it manages the commands sent via GOOSE from the Client/Subscriber, performs the opening and closing of the actual switches, and monitors the status of the communication channel.Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial (M141

Implementación Android de algoritmos de fusión sensorial para navegación de personas en espacios interiores extensos mediante el teléfono móvil

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) presenta una aplicación Android que permite de forma robusta y flexible integrar información sensorial de las señales emitidas por un conjunto de Sistemas de Posicionamiento Locales Ultrasónicos (U-LPS), con la de sensores inerciales de una unidad de medición inercial (IMU) portada por el usuario, estimando la posición de personas a través de sus dispositivos portables en zonas interiores extensas. Los U-LPSs se ubican en las zonas que demandan mayor precisión (como entradas y salidas), mientras que la navegación de un U-LPS a otro se realiza por medio de los sensores inerciales, corrigiendo la trayectoria y el error acumulativo de los mismos al entrar de nuevo en el área de cobertura U-LPS. Se obtiene así una aplicación flexible, capaz de ajustarse a las demandas de un entorno extenso. Los U-LPSs constan de cinco transductores cuya emisión, a una frecuencia de 41.67kHz, se multiplexa en el tiempo y codifica para conseguir autentificación y reducir las interferencias por acceso múltiple. En la recepción, un número no limitado de usuarios con sus dispositivos móviles podría calcular su posición de forma autónoma. La captura de la señal ultrasónica se realiza mediante un módulo externo que digitaliza la señal y la envía al dispositivo portable para su procesamiento. Paralelamente, se capturan los datos de la IMU y, mediante un Filtro de Kalman Extendido, se fusionan ambas medidas y se corrigen los posibles errores acumulativos de estos últimos. Por último, la posición estimada del usuario se representa en tiempo real en el dispositivo portable a través de los mapas de interiores proporcionados por Google Maps.This work presents an Android application that allows estimating the position of the device in a robust and flexible way combining ultrasound signals emitted by a set of Ultrasonic Local Positioning Systems (U-LPSs), with inertial information obtained by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) carried by the user and communicated via Bluetooth with the portable device. The U-LPSs are located in areas that require a high accuracy (such as entrances and waypoints) and the trajectory between U-LPSs where there is not ultrasound (US) coverage is estimated by the inertial sensors. When the user is inside an U-LPS area again, the trajectory and cumulative error of the inertial sensor are corrected. Therefore, this proposal provides a flexible and robust application, which is capable to be adjusted to the demands of a large environment, reducing the number of U-LPSs to place. Each U-LPS consists of five transducers or beacons whose emissions, at a frequency of 41.67kHz, are multiplexed in time and encoded to achieve authentication and reduce interferences by multiple access. At reception, an unlimited number of users with their mobile devices could calculate their position autonomously. The ultrasonic signals are captured by an external module that digitizes the signals and sends them to the portable device for processing. At the same time, IMU data is captured and, using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), both measures are fused, and possible errors accumulated by the IMU are corrected. Then, the user`s position is represented on the screen of the portable device by using indoor Google Maps.Grado en Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industria

LOCATE-US: Indoor Positioning for Mobile Devices Using Encoded Ultrasonic Signals, Inertial Sensors and Graph- Matching

Indoor positioning remains a challenge and, despite much research and development carried out in the last decade, there is still no standard as with the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) outdoors. This paper presents an indoor positioning system called LOCATE-US with adjustable granularity for use with commercial mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. LOCATE-US is privacy-oriented and allows every device to compute its own position by fusing ultrasonic, inertial sensor measurements and map information. Ultrasonic Local Positioning Systems (ULPS) based on encoded signals are placed in critical zones that require an accuracy below a few decimeters to correct the accumulated drift errors of the inertial measurements. These systems are well suited to work at room level as walls confine acoustic waves inside. To avoid audible artifacts, the U-LPS emission is set at 41.67 kHz, and an ultrasonic acquisition module with reduced dimensions is attached to the mobile device through the USB port to capture signals. Processing in the mobile device involves an improved Time Differences of Arrival (TDOA) estimation that is fused with the measurements from an external inertial sensor to obtain real-time location and trajectory display at a 10 Hz rate. Graph-matching has also been included, considering available prior knowledge about the navigation scenario. This kind of device is an adequate platform for Location-Based Services (LBS), enabling applications such as augmented reality, guiding applications, or people monitoring and assistance. The system architecture can easily incorporate new sensors in the future, such as UWB, RFiD or others.Universidad de AlcaláJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaAgencia Estatal de Investigació

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe